Vascular
Plants of Thickson's Woods
(Part
Lot 20, Broken Front, Whitby, Ontario)
George A. Scott
| EQUISETACEAE | HORSETAIL FAMILY |
| Equisetum arvense | Field Horsetail |
| ASPLENIACEAE | SPLEENWORT FAMILY |
| Athyrium filix-femina | Northeastern Lady Fern |
| Dryopteris carthusiana | Spinulose Wood Fern |
| Dryopteris cristata | Crested Fern |
| Gymnocarpium dryopteris | Oak Fern |
| Matteuccia struthiopteris | Ostrich Fern |
| Onoclea sensibilis | Sensitive Fern |
| THELYPTERIDACEAE | BEECH FERN FAMILY |
| Thelypteris palustris | Marsh Fern |
| TAXACEAE | YEW FAMILY |
| Taxus canadensis | American Yew |
| PINACEAE | PINE FAMILY |
| Abies balsamea | Balsam Fir |
| Larix laricina | Tamarack |
| Picea abies | Norway Spruce |
| Picea glauca | White Spruce |
| Pinus nigra | Austrian Pine |
| Pinus resinosa | Red Pine |
| Pinus strobus | White Pine |
| Pinus sylvestris | Scots Pine |
| Tsuga canadensis | Eastern Hemlock |
| CUPRESSACEAE | CYPRESS FAMILY |
| Juniperis communis | Common Juniper |
| Juniperis virginiana | Red Cedar |
| Thuja occidentalis | White Cedar |
| TYPHACEAE | CATTAIL FAMILY |
| Typha angustifolia | Narrow-leaved cattail |
| Typha latifolia | Broad-leaved Cattail |
| SPARGANIACEAE | BUR-REED FAMILY |
| Sparganium eurycarpum | Great Bur-reed |
| POTAMOGETONACEAE | PONDWEED FAMILY |
| Potamogeton crispus | Curly-leaved Pondweed |
| Potamogeton pectinatus | Sago Pondweed |
| ALISMATACEAE | WATER-PLANTAIN FAM |
| Alisma plantago-aquatica | Water-plantain |
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broad-leaved Arrowhead |
| HYDROCHARITACEAE | FROG'S BIT FAMILY |
| Elodea canadensis | Elodea water-weed |
| POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) | GRASS FAMILY |
| Agropyron repens | Quack Grass |
| Agrostis stolonifera | Creeping Bent Grass |
| Bromis inermis | Smooth Broome Grass |
| Calamogrostis canadensis | Canada Blue-joint |
| Dactylis glomerata | Orchard Grass |
| Echinochloa crusgalli | Barnyard Grass |
| Elymus virginicus | Virginia Wild-rye |
| Glyceria striata | Fowl Manna Grass |
| Leersia oryzoides | Rice Cut-grass |
| Lolium perenne | Perennial Rye Grass |
| Panicum capillare | Common Witch Grass |
| Phalaris arundinacea | Reed Canary Grass |
| Phleum pratense | Timothy Grass |
| Phragmites communis | Common Reed, Phragmites |
| Poa compressa | Canada Blue Grass, Wire Grass |
| Poa pratensis | Kentucky Blue Grass |
| Setaria glauca | Yellow Foxtail |
| CYPERACEAE | SEDGE FAMILY |
| Carex aquitalis | Water Sedge |
| Carex arctata | Drooping Wood Sedge |
| Carex bebbii | Bebb's Sedge |
| Carex cristatella | Crested Sedge |
| Carex gracillima | Graceful Sedge |
| Carex lacustris | Great or Common Sedge |
| Carex peckii | White-tinged Sedge |
| Carex pseudo-cyperus | Cyperus-like Sedge |
| Carex radiata | Stellate Sedge |
| Carex retrorsa | Retrorse Sedge |
| Carex stipata | Awl-fruited Sedge |
| Carex vesicaria | Inflated Sedge |
| Carex vulpinoidea | Fox Sedge |
| Carex | (Unidentified) Sedge |
| Cyperus engelmanii | Engelman's Nut Grass |
| Eleocharis erythropoda | Red-based Spikerush |
| Scirpus atrovirens | Meadow Bulrush |
| Scirpus validus | Soft-stemmed Bulrush |
| ARACEAE | ARUM FAMILY |
| Acorus calamus | Sweet Flag |
| Arisaema triphyllum | Jack-in-the-pulpit |
| LEMNACEAE | DUCKWEED FAMILY |
| Lemna minor | Lesser Duckweed |
| Spirodela polyrhiza | Greater Duckweed |
| JUNCACEAE | RUSH FAMILY |
| Juncus dudleyi | Dudley's Rush |
| Juncus tenuis | Path Rush |
| Luzula multiflora | Common Wood-rush |
| LILIACEAE | LILY FAMILY |
| Allium tricoccum | Wild Leek |
| Clintonia borealis | Bluebead-lily |
| Erythronium americanum | Yellow Trout-lily |
| Maianthemum canadense | Wild Lily-of-the-valley |
| Maianthemum racemosum | False Solomon's Seal |
| Maianthemum stellata | Starry False Solomon's Seal |
| Trillium grandiflorum | Common Trillium |
| IRIDACEAE | IRIS FAMILY |
| Iris pseudacorus | Yellow Flag Iris |
| Iris versicolor | Wild Blue Flag Iris |
| ORCHIDACEAE | ORCHID FAMILY |
| Epipactis helleborine | Helleborine |
| SALICACEAE | WILLOW FAMILY |
| Populus alba | White (Silver) Poplar |
| Populus balsamifera | Balsam Poplar |
| Populus deltoides | Eastern Cottonwood |
| Populus grandidentata | Large-toothed Aspen |
| Populus tremuloides | Trembling Aspen |
| Salix amygdaloids | Peach-leaved Willow |
| Salix babylonica | Weeping Willow |
| Salix bebbiana | Bebb's or Beaked Willow |
| Salix discolor | Pussy Willow |
| Salix eriocephala | Heart-leaved Willow |
| Salix fragilis | Crack Willow |
| Salix petiolaris | Slender or Meadow Willow |
| JUGLANDACEAE | WALNUT FAMILY |
| Juglans cinerea | Butternut |
| Juglans nigra | Black Walnut |
| BETULACEAE | BIRCH FAMILY |
| Alnus rugosa | Speckled Alder |
| Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch |
| Betula papyrifera | White (Paper) Birch |
| Carpinus caroliniana | Blue Beech |
| Corylus cornuta | Beaked Hazel |
| Ostrya virginiana | Ironwood (Hop Hornbeam) |
| FAGACEAE | BEECH FAMILY |
| Fagus grandifolia | American Beech |
| Quercus rubra | Northern Red Oak |
| ULMACEAE | ELM FAMILY |
| Ulmus rubra | Red or Slippery Elm |
| URTICACEAE | NETTLE FAMILY |
| Pilea pumila | Clearweed |
| Urtica dioica | European Stinging Nettle |
| ARISTOLOCHIACEAE | BIRTHWORT FAMILY |
| Asarum canadense | Wild Ginger |
| POLYGONACEAE | SMARTWEED (BUCK WHEAT) FAMILY |
| Polygonum achoreum | Striate Knotweed |
| Polygonum amphibium | Water Smartweed |
| Polygonum aviculare | Prostrate Knotweed |
| Polygonum convolvulus | Black Bindweed |
| Polygonum cuspidatum | Japanese Knotweed |
| Polygonum erectum | Erect Knotweed |
| Polygonum hydropiperoides | Mild Water-pepper |
| Polygonum lapathifolium | Pale Smartweed, Willow-weed |
| Polygonum persicaria | Lady's Thumb |
| Rumex acetosella | Sheep Sorrel |
| Rumex crispus | Curled Dock |
| Rumex orbiculatus | Great Water Dock |
| CHENOPODIACEAE | GOOSEFOOT (SPINACH) FAMILY |
| Atriplex patula | Spearscale, Orache |
| Chenopodium album | Lamb's Quarters, Pigweed |
| Chenopodium glaucum | Oak-leaved Goosefoot |
| AMARANTHACEAE | AMARANTH (PIGWEED) FAMILY |
| Amaranthus hybridus | Green Amaranth, Smooth Pigweed |
| Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed |
| PORTULACACEAE | PURSLANE FAMILY |
| Portulaca oleracea | Purslane |
| CARYOPHYLLACEA | PINK FAMILY |
| Cerastium fontanum | Mouse-eared Chickweed |
| Lychnis alba | Evening Lychnis, White Cockle |
| Silene vulgaris | Bladder Campion |
| Stellaria media | Common Chickweed |
| NYMPHAEACEAE | WATER-LILY FAMILY |
| Nuphar variegata | Bullhead Lily |
| Nymphaea tuberosa | Tuberous water-lily |
| CERATOPHYLLACEAE | HORNWORT FAMILY |
| Ceratophyllum demersum | Common Coontail |
| RANUNCULACEAE | BUTTERCUP (CROWFOOT) FAMILY |
| Actaea rubra | Red Baneberry |
| Anemone canadensis | Canada Anemone |
| Anemone virginiana & riparia | Thimbleweed |
| Aquilegia vulgaris | Garden Columbine |
| Caltha palustris | Marsh-marigold |
| Hepatica acutiloba | Sharp-lobed Hepatica |
| Ranunculus abortivus | Small-flowered Buttercup |
| Ranunculus acris | Tall Buttercup |
| Ranunculus recurvatus | Hooked Buttercup |
| Ranunculus sceleratus | Cursed Crowfoot |
| Thalictrum dioicum | Early Meadow Rue |
| BERBERIDACEAE | BARBERRY FAMILY |
| Berberis thunbergii | Japanese Barberry |
| Caulophyllum thalictroids | Blue Cohosh |
| Podophyllum peltatum | May-apple, Mandrake |
| PAPAVERACEAE | POPPY FAMILY |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | Bloodroo |
| FUMARIACEAE | FUMITORY FAMILY |
| Dicentra cucullaria | Dutchman's Breeches |
| Fumaria officinalis | Fumitory |
| BRASSICACEAE | MUSTARD FAMILY |
| (CRUCIFERAE) | |
| Alliaria petiolata | Garlic Mustard |
| Barbarea vulgaris | Yellow Rocket |
| Cakile edentula | Sea Rocket |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris | Shephard's Purse |
| Cardamine diphylla | Toothwort, Crinkleroot |
| Cardamine pratensis | Cuckoo Flower |
| Erucastrum gallicum | Dog Mustard |
| Erysimum cheiranthoides | Wormseed Mustard |
| Hesperis matronalis | Dame's-rocket |
| Lepidium densiflorum | Common Pepper-grass |
| Lepidium campestre | Field Pepper-grass, Cow Cress |
| Lepidium virginicum | Poor-man's Pepper-grass |
| Rorippa palustris | Marsh Yellow Cress |
| Sinapis arvensis | Charlock |
| Sisymbrium altissimum | Tumble Mustard |
| Thlaspi arvense | Pennycress, Penny Grass |
| PENTHORACEAE | DITCH STONECROP FAMILY |
| Penthorum sedoides | Ditch Stonecrop |
| CRASSULACEAE | ORPINE FAMILY |
| Sedum telephium | Live-forever |
| SAXIFRAGACEAE | SAXIFRAGE FAMILY |
| Chrysoplenium americanum | Golden Saxifrage, Water Mat |
| Mitella diphylla | Bishop's Cap, Mitrewort |
| Philadelphus pubescens | Garden Mock-orange |
| GROSSULARIACEAE | GOOSEBERRY FAMILY |
| Ribes americanum | Wild Black Currant |
| Ribes hirtellum | Smooth Gooseberry |
| Ribes rubrum | Red Currant |
| ROSACEAE | ROSE FAMILY |
| Agrimonia gryposepala | Yellow Argrimony |
| Amelanchier laevis | Smooth Juneberry |
| Crataegus monogyna | English Hawthorn |
| Crataegus spp. | Hawthorns |
| Fragaria vesca | Woodland Strawberry |
| Fragaria virginiana | Field Strawberry |
| Geum aleppicum | Yellow Avens |
| Geum canadense | White Avens |
| Malus pumila (M. domestica) | Apple |
| Physocarpus opulifolius | Ninebark |
| Potentilla anserina | Silverweed |
| Potentilla norvegica | Rough Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla palustris | Marsh Cinquefoil |
| Prunus pensylvanica | Pin Cherry |
| Prunus serotina | Wild Black Cherry |
| Prunus virginiana | Chokecherry |
| Rosa blanda | Smooth Rose |
| Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose |
| Rubus allegheniensis | Common Blackberry |
| Rubus occidentalis | Black Raspberry |
| Rubus odoratus | Purple-flowering Raspberry |
| Rubus pubescens | Dwarf Raspberry |
| Rubus strigosus | Wild Red Raspberry |
| Sorbus aucuparia | European Mountain-ash |
| Spiraea alba | Narrow-leaved Meadowsweet |
| FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) | PEA (PULSE) FAMILY |
| Coronilla varia | Crown Vetch |
| Lotus corniculatus | Bird-foot Trefoil |
| Medicago lupilina | Black Medic |
| Medicago sativa | Alfalfa |
| Melilotus alba | White Sweet Clover |
| Trifolium campestre | Low Hop Clover |
| Trifolium hybridum | Alsike Clover |
| Trifolium pratense | Red Clover |
| Trifolium repens | White Clover |
| Vicia cracca | Cow Vetch |
| Vicia sativa | Common or Spring Vetch |
| GERANIACEAE | GERANIUM FAMILY |
| Geranium robertianus | Herb Robert |
| OXALIDACEAE | WOOD-SORREL FAMILY |
| Oxalis fontana | Wood-sorrel |
| LINACEAE | FLAX FAMILY |
| Linum usitatissimum | Common Flax |
| EUPHORIACEAE | SPURGE FAMILY |
| Euphorbia peplus | Petty Spurge |
| Euphorbia polygonifolia | Seaside Spurge |
| ANACARDIACEAE | CASHEW FAMILY |
| Rhus typhina | Staghorn Sumac |
| Toxicodendron radicans | Ground Poison Ivy |
| var. rydbergii | |
| CELASTRACEAE | STAFFTREE FAMILY |
| Celastrus scandens | Climbing Bittersweet |
| ACERACEAE | MAPLE FAMILY |
| Acer negundo | Manitoba Maple, Box Elder |
| Acer platanoides | Norway Maple |
| Acer rubrum | Red Maple |
| Acer saccharinum | Silver Maple |
| Acer saccharum | Sugar Maple |
| Acer spicatum | Mountain Maple |
| HIPPOCASTANACEAE | BUCKEYE FAMILY |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Horse Chestnut |
| BALSAMINACEAE | TOUCH-ME-NOT FAMILY |
| Impatiens capensis | Spotted Touch-me-not |
| RHAMNACEAE | BUCKTHORN FAMILY |
| Rhamnus cathartica | Common Buckthorn |
| VITACEAE | GRAPE FAMILY |
| Parthenocissus vitacea | Virginia Creeper |
| Vitis riparia | Riverbank Grape |
| TILIACEAE | LINDEN FAMILY |
| Tilia americana | Basswood |
| HYPERICACEAE | ST.JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY |
| Hypericum perforatum | Common St.John's wort |
| Hypericum punctatum | Spotted St.John's wort |
| VIOLACEAE | VIOLET FAMILY |
| Viola blanda | Sweet White Violet |
| Viola conspersa | Dog Violet |
| Viola cucullata | Marsh Blue Violet |
| Viola papilionacea | Common Blue Violet |
| Viola pubescens | Downy Yellow Violet |
| LYTHRACEAE | LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY |
| Decodon verticillatus | Water Willow |
| Lythrum salicaria | Purple Loosestrife |
| ONAGRACEAE | EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY |
| Circaea alpina | Small Enchanter's Nightshade |
| Circaea lutetiana | Enchanter's Nightshade |
| Epilobium ciliatum | Northern Willowherb |
| Epilobium coloratum | Purple-leaved Willowherb |
| Epilobium hirsutum | Hairy Willowherb |
| Epilobium leptophyllum | Narrow-leaved (Marsh) Willowherb |
| Oenothera biennis | Common Evening-primrose |
| Oenothera parviflora | Small-flowered Evening-primrose |
| ARALIACEAE | GINSENG FAMILY |
| Aralia racemosa | Spikenard |
| APIACEAE | CARROT (PARSLEY) FAMILY |
| Cicuta bulbifera | Bulblet-bearing Water-hemlock |
| Daucus carota | Wild Carrot, Queen Annešs Lace |
| Heracleum maximum | Cow Parsnip |
| Sium suave | Water-parsnip |
| CORNACEAE | DOGWOOD FAMILY |
| Cornus stolonifera | Red-osier Dogwood |
| PYROLACEAE | WINTERGREEN FAMILY |
| Pyrola secunda | One-sided Pyrola or Wintergreen |
| Pyrola elliptica | Shinleaf |
| PRIMULACEAE | PRIMROSE FAMILY |
| Anagallis arvensis | Scarlet Pimpernel |
| Lysimachia ciliata | Fringed Loosestrife |
| Lysimachia thyrsiflora | Tufted Loosestrife |
| Trientalis borealis | Star-flower |
| OLEACEAE | OLIVE FAMILY |
| Fraxinus americana | White Ash |
| Syringa vulgaris | Lilac |
| APOCYNACEAE | DOGBANE FAMILY |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium | Spreading Dogbane |
| Apocynum cannabinum | Indian Hemp |
| ASCLEPIADACEAE | MILKWEED FAMILY |
| Asclepias incarnata | Swamp Milkweed |
| Asclepias syriaca | Common Milkweed |
| CONVOLVULACEAE | MORNING GLORY FAMILY |
| Calystegia sepium | Hedge Bindweed, Wild Morning Glory |
| Covolvulus arnensis | Field Bindweed |
| HYDROPHYLLACEAE | WATERLEAF FAMILY |
| Hydrophyllum virginianum | Virginia Waterleaf |
| BORAGINACEAE | BORAGE FAMILY |
| Cynoglossum officinale | Hound's-tongue |
| Echium vulgare | Viper's-bugloss |
| Lithospermum officinale | Pearl or Common Gromwell |
| Lycopsis arvensis | Blue or Small Bugloss |
| Myosotis arvensis | Field Scorpion-grass |
| Myosotis laxa | Smaller Forget-me-not |
| Myosotis scorpioides | True Forget-me-not |
| Symphytum officinale | Common Comfrey |
| VERBENACEAE | VERVAIN FAMILY |
| Verbena hastata | Blue Vervain |
| LAMIACEAE | MINT FAMILY |
| Galeopsis tetrahit | Hemp-nettle |
| Glechoma hederacea | Ground-ivy, Creeping Charlie |
| Leonurus cardiaca | Motherwort |
| Lycopus americanus | American Water-horehound |
| Lycopus europaeus | European Water-horehound |
| Lycopus iniflorus | Northern Bugleweed |
| Mentha arvensis | Field or Hairy Mint |
| Monarda didyma | Oswego Tea or Bee Balm |
| Monarda fistulosa | Wild Bergamot |
| Nepeta cartaria | Catnip |
| Prunella vulgaris | Heal-all, Selfheal |
| Scutellaria galericulata | Common Marsh Skullcap |
| Stachys tenuifolia | Smooth Hedge-nettle |
| Thymus praecox | Thyme |
| SOLANACEAE | NIGHTSHADE FAMILY |
| Solanum dulcamara | Bittersweet Nightshade |
| Solanum ptycanthum | Black Nightshade |
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | FIGWORT FAMILY |
| Chaenorrhinum minus | Dwarf Snapdragon |
| Linaria vulgaris | Toadflax, Butter-and-eggs |
| Mimulus ringens | Square-stemmed Monkeyflower |
| Verbascum thapsus | Common Mullein |
| Veronica anagallis-aquatica | Water-speedwell |
| Veronica officinalis | Common Speedwell |
| Veronica serpyllifolia | Thyme-leaved Speedwell |
| OROBANCHACEAE | BROOMRAPE FAMILY |
| Epifagus virginiana | Beech Drops |
| PLANTAGINACEAE | PLANTAIN FAMILY |
| Plantago major | Broad-leaved Plantain |
| Plantago rugelii | Rugel's Plantain |
| RUBIACEAE | MADDER FAMILY |
| Galium mollugo | Smooth Bedstraw, Wild Madder |
| Galium palustre | Marsh Bedstraw |
| Galium triflorum | Fragrant Bedstraw |
| CAPRIFOLIACEAE | HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY |
| Lonicera morrowi | Morrow's Honeysuckle |
| Lonicera tatarica | Tartarian Honeysuckle |
| Sambucus canadensis | Common Elderberry |
| Sambucus pubens | Red-berried Elder |
| Viburnum lentago | Nanyberry |
| Viburnum opulus | Guelder-rose |
| Viburnum trilobum | Highbush-cranberry |
| CUCURBITACEAE | GOURD FAMILY |
| Echinocystis lobata | Wild Cucumber |
| CAMPANULACEAE | BLUEBELL FAMILY |
| Campanula aparinoides | White Marsh Bellflower |
| Campanula rapunculoides | Creeping Bellflower |
| LOBELIACEAE | LOBELIA FAMILY |
| Lobelia inflata | Indian Tobacco |
| ASTERACEAE | ASTER (COMPOSITE) FAMILY |
| Achillea millefolium | Yarrow |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Common Ragweed |
| Anthemis cotula | Stinking Mayweed |
| Arctium minus | Common Burdock |
| Artemisia biennis | Biennial Wormwood |
| Artemisia caudata | Tall Wormwwod |
| Aster cordifolius | Heart-leaved Aster |
| Aster ericoides | Heath Aster |
| Aster lanceolatus | Panicled Aster, Tall White Aster |
| Aster lateriflorus | Side-flowering Aster |
| Aster novae-angliae | New England Aster |
| Aster puniceus | Red-stemmed Aster |
| Aster vimineus | Small White Aster |
| Bidens cernua & laevis | Bur-marigold |
| Bidens frondosa | Devil's Beggarticks |
| Chrysanthemum leucathemum | Ox-eye Daisy |
| Chrysanthemum parthenium | Feverfew |
| Cichorium intybus | Chicory |
| Cirsium arvense | Canada Thistle |
| Cirsium vulgare | Bull Thistle |
| Conyza canadensis | Canada Fleabane, Horseweed |
| Crepis capillaris | Smooth Hawksbeard |
| Erigeron annuus | Annual Fleabane |
| Erigeron strigosus | Daisy or Rough Fleabane |
| Erigeron philadelphicus | Philadelphia Fleabane |